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第147章(第1页)

到1917年底为止,奥斯曼军仍未尝言败,然而他们对这场大战已不抱希望,剩下的只是苦苦支撑。

[1]关于德国飞机的发展,参见desondseward,gsoverthedesert:actionwithanrfcpilotpaleste,1916–1918(sparkford,uk:haynespublishg,2009),29–32关于澳大利亚炮兵连,可比对杰马勒帕夏的oriesofaturkishstatesan,1913–1919(london:hutchn,nd),169

[2]穆雷于1916年2月15日提议的全文,见ec-unnandcyrilfallsreproducedilitaryoperations:egyptandpalestefrotheoutbreakofwarwithranytojune1917(london:h,1928),170–174

[3]djealpasha,oriesofaturkishstatesan,170;关于卡蒂亚事件,参见unnandfalls,ilitaryoperations,162–170;anthonybruce,thelastcrade:thepalestecapaignthefirstworldwar(london:johnurray,2002),37–40

[4]关于帝国骆驼兵团,参见frankreid,thefightgcaliers(1934;rptiltonkeynes,uk:leonaur,2005);offreychbald,withtheiperialcalrpsthegreatwar(iltonkeynes,uk:leonaur,2005)。

[5]unnandfalls,ilitaryoperations,199

[6]战争委员会的任命,1916年7月6日,reproducedunnandfalls,ilitaryoperations,230–232

[7]chbald,withtheiperialcalrps,113

[8]reid,thefightgcaliers,50–52;unnandfalls,ilitaryoperations,257

[9]英国报告称,拉法赫一役中俘获1635名奥斯曼军官兵,并估计奥斯曼军约有200人战死。英军死亡71人,受伤415人。unnandfalls,ilitaryoperations,270

[10]edwardjerickn,orderedtodie:ahistoryoftheottoanarythefirstworldwar(westport,ct:greenwoodpress,2001),161

[11]帝国总参谋长给总指挥的电报,印度,1916年4月30日,reproducedfjoberly,thecapaignpotaia,1914–1918(london:h,1923–1927),3:3–4

[12]erickn,orderedtodie,164–166

[13]插rlestown射nd,whengodadehell:thebritishvasionofpotaiaandthecreationofiraq,1914–1921(london:faberandfaber,2010),344–345

[14]arnoldtwiln,loyaltiespotaia,1914–1917(oxford:oxforduniversitypress,1930),222

[15]lieutenantloneljetenant,citedwiln,loyaltiespotaia,223

[16]oberly,thecapaignpotaia,3:193–195;wiln,loyaltiespotaia,222–223;town射nd,whengodadehell,355–357

[17]莫德,罗伯森和蒙罗之间的信件交换,见oberly,thecapaignpotaia,3:204–211

[18]wiln,loyaltiespotaia,216

[19]talibhtaq,awraqayyai,1900–1958(beirut:daral-tali`a,1968),17–18

[20]nara,baghdadvol28,transcriptionfronsulheizer&rso;siscellaneorerdbook,10–13arch1917

[21]关于莫德宣言及其缺点的详尽讨论,参见wiln,loyaltiespotaia,237–241

[22]宣言全文见oberly,thecapaignpotaia,3:404–405,appendix38

[23]htaq,awraqayyai,19

[24]hewstra插n,thefirstworldwar(london:pocketbooks,2003),215–223美国从未对奥斯曼帝国宣战,但对德国宣战后便从帝国境内撤走了所有领事馆官员。

[25]英国报告称,第一次加沙之战英军伤亡人数不到4000人,其中523人死亡,另有2932人受伤,但lianvonsanders宣称土耳其人掩埋了约1500具英军尸体。奥斯曼军死伤不到2500人,其中301人死亡,1085人受伤。参见unnandfalls,ilitaryoperations,315,322;ottolianvonsanders,fiveyearsturkey(annapolis:navalstitute,1927),165

[26]falihr?fk?atay,leontdesoliviers[橄榄山](paris:turoise,2009),205–206

[27]abriseoore,theountedriflensaiandpaleste(auckland:whitbeandtobs,nd[1920]),67

[28]djealpasha,oriesofaturkishstatesan,179

[29]reid,thefightgcaliers,98;作者还提到自己在第二次加沙之战前,分到了一个毒气面罩(97页)。英国官方历史提到,巴勒斯坦战线首次使用毒气便是在第二次加沙之战;unnandfalls,ilitaryoperations,328

[30]reid,thefightgcaliers,102–110

[31]r?fk?atay,leontdesoliviers,213–214;unnandfalls,ilitaryoperations,348,350

[32]jasbarr,settgthedesertonfire:telawrenceandbrita&rso;ssecretwararabia,1916–1918(newyork:wwnorton,2008),90–106

[33]劳伦斯对汉志铁路第一次进攻是在3月29至30日,地点为abual-naa火车站。telawrence,sevenpillarsofwisdo:atriuph(newyork:doubledaydoranand,1936),197–203

[34]jafaral-askari,aldier&rso;sstory:froottoanruletodependentiraq(london:arabianpublishg,2003),112–114贾法尔&iddot;阿斯科里在埃及西部大沙漠被捕一事,见第十章。

[35]aliallawi,faisaliofiraq(newhaven,ct:yaleuniversitypress,2014),94–95

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